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ddx41 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)

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Cell Signaling Technology Inc ddx41
Ddx41, supplied by Cell Signaling Technology Inc, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 22 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/ddx41/DDX41+Rabbit+mAb/pm41920144-60-18-24
Average 94 stars, based on 22 article reviews

ddx41 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-11

94/100 stars

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Western Blot:

Article Title: DDX41 resolves G-quadruplexes to maintain erythroid genome integrity and prevent cGAS-mediated cell death
Article Snippet: .. The following antibodies (vendor, catalog number) were used for Western blotting assays: DDX41 (CST, #15076), BG4 (Absolute Antibody, Ab00174), p53 (CST, #9282), cGAS (E5V3W) (CST, #79978), Phospho-Histone H2A.X (Ser139) (D7T2V) (CST, #80312), NF-κB Pathway Antibody Sampler Kit (CST #9936), RPL26 (Proteintech, #17619-1-AP), RPL7A (Proteintech, 15340-1-AP), RPS27A (Proteintech, #14946-1-AP), RPS3 (Proteintech, #11990-1-AP), RPS6 (Proteintech, #14823-1-AP), RPS19 (Proteintech, #15085-1-AP), RPS14 (Proteintech, 16683-1-AP), Ribosomal Protein S3 (D50G7) (CST, #9538S), S6 Ribosomal Protein (5G10) (CST, #2217), RPL10 (Proteintech, #72912), RPL11 (D1P5N) (Proteintech, #18163), RPL5 (Proteintech, #14568), HRP-conjugated beta actin monoclonal antibody (Proteintech, #HRP-66009), anti-rabbit IgG, HRP-linked antibody (CST, #7074), and anti-mouse IgG, HRP-linked antibody (CST, #7076). ..

Incubation:

Article Title: DDX41 resolves G-quadruplexes to maintain erythroid genome integrity and prevent cGAS-mediated cell death
Article Snippet: .. Bead-bound cells were incubated in digitonin-containing antibody buffer with primary antibodies against G-quadruplex structures (BG4, Absolute Antibody ab00174-1.1) and DDX41 (CST #15076) for 2 hours at 4 °C. ..

other:

Article Title: PIM1 Inhibition Alleviates Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis by Regulating DDX41-Mediated STING Signaling Pathway.
Article Snippet: Antibodies recognizing phosphorylated STING (Ser366, 19781; Ser365, 72971; 1:1000), phosphorylated TBK1 (5483, 1:1000), phosphorylated IRF3 (4947, 1:1000), and DDX41 (15076, 1:1000) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Article Title: Cytosolic Immunostimulatory DNA Ligands and DNA Damage Activate the Integrated Stress Response, Stress Granule Formation, and Cytokine Production.
Article Snippet: Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) with calcium and magnesium, without phenol red (21-023-CV), was from Corning (Manassas, VA, USA). p-STING (50907), STING (13647), p-TBK1 (5482), TBK1 (3013), p-IRF3 (4947), IRF3 (4302), p-STAT1 (9167), STAT1 (9172), p-eIF2α (3398), eIF2α (5324), p-H2AX (9718), βactin (3700), IFI16 (14970), DDX41 (15076), HA-Tag (3724), cleaved PARP (5625), cleaved Caspase 3 (9664), anti-mouse IgG, and anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Article Title: Cytosolic Immunostimulatory DNA Ligands and DNA Damage Activate the Integrated Stress Response, Stress Granule Formation, and Cytokine Production
Article Snippet: Hanks’ balanced salt solution (HBSS) with calcium and magnesium, without phenol red (21-023-CV), was from Corning (Manassas, VA, USA). p-STING (50907), STING (13647), p-TBK1 (5482), TBK1 (3013), p-IRF3 (4947), IRF3 (4302), p-STAT1 (9167), STAT1 (9172), p-eIF2α (3398), eIF2α (5324), p-H2AX (9718), β-actin (3700), IFI16 (14970), DDX41 (15076), HA-Tag (3724), cleaved PARP (5625), cleaved Caspase 3 (9664), anti-mouse IgG, and anti-rabbit IgG horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-linked secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Article Title: PIM1 Inhibition Alleviates Aspergillus fumigatus Keratitis by Regulating DDX41-Mediated STING Signaling Pathway
Article Snippet: Antibodies recognizing phosphorylated STING (Ser366, 19781; Ser365, 72971; 1:1000), phosphorylated TBK1 (5483, 1:1000), phosphorylated IRF3 (4947, 1:1000), and DDX41 (15076, 1:1000) were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA).

Image Search Results

A mRNA expression of DDX41 in pan-cancer tissues and normal tissues from TCGA database. B Correlation between DDX41 expression in pan-cancer tissues and patient prognosis in TCGA database. C The mRNA expression of DDX41 in HNSCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from TCGA database. D The mRNA expression of DDX41 in pan-cancer tissues and normal tissues from TCGA database is represented in the form of a radar chart. E The mRNA expression of DDX41 in OSCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from TCGA database. F , G Kaplan–Meier Overall Survival curves of HNSCC and OSCC patients based on DDX41 expression. H A ROC curve analysis of DDX41 in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (AUC = 0.769). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A mRNA expression of DDX41 in pan-cancer tissues and normal tissues from TCGA database. B Correlation between DDX41 expression in pan-cancer tissues and patient prognosis in TCGA database. C The mRNA expression of DDX41 in HNSCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from TCGA database. D The mRNA expression of DDX41 in pan-cancer tissues and normal tissues from TCGA database is represented in the form of a radar chart. E The mRNA expression of DDX41 in OSCC tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues from TCGA database. F , G Kaplan–Meier Overall Survival curves of HNSCC and OSCC patients based on DDX41 expression. H A ROC curve analysis of DDX41 in the diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. (AUC = 0.769). * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: The Western blot procedure utilized a panel of antibodies, each diluted to 1:1000, including those specific to DDX41 (Proteintech, 27500-1-AP), STING (CST, 13647S), p-STING (Affinity, AF7416), TBK1 (Affinity, DF7026), p-TBK1 (Bioss, BC07208022), p65 (Abmart, T55034F), phosphorylated p65 (p-p65) (Affinity, AF2006), PD-L1 (CST, 13684 T), and beta-actin (Proteintech, 66009-1-IG).

Techniques: Expressing, Biomarker Discovery

A , B WB analysis of DDX41 expression in normal oral epithelial cell line HOK and OSCC cell lines SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, and CAL27, with β-actin used as a loading control. C , D WB analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of DDX41 in tumor cells of the DDX41 knockdown and overexpression groups, with β-actin as the internal control, along with the quantitative analysis results. E After 48 h of transfection with DDX41 knockdown siRNA, the morphology of SCC15 cells changed compared to the control group. F , G The effects of DDX41 knockdown and overexpression on SCC15 cell viability. H , J A scratch wound healing assay was used to evaluate the effects of DDX41 knockdown and overexpression on the migration ability of SCC15 cells by assessing the scratch wound healing area at 48 h and 72 h. I , K The effect of DDX41 knockdown and overexpression on the migration and invasion abilities of SCC15 cells was evaluated using a Transwell assay. L – O Quantitative analysis of scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B WB analysis of DDX41 expression in normal oral epithelial cell line HOK and OSCC cell lines SCC4, SCC9, SCC15, and CAL27, with β-actin used as a loading control. C , D WB analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of DDX41 in tumor cells of the DDX41 knockdown and overexpression groups, with β-actin as the internal control, along with the quantitative analysis results. E After 48 h of transfection with DDX41 knockdown siRNA, the morphology of SCC15 cells changed compared to the control group. F , G The effects of DDX41 knockdown and overexpression on SCC15 cell viability. H , J A scratch wound healing assay was used to evaluate the effects of DDX41 knockdown and overexpression on the migration ability of SCC15 cells by assessing the scratch wound healing area at 48 h and 72 h. I , K The effect of DDX41 knockdown and overexpression on the migration and invasion abilities of SCC15 cells was evaluated using a Transwell assay. L – O Quantitative analysis of scratch wound healing assay and Transwell assay. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Knockdown, Over Expression, Transfection, Wound Healing Assay, Migration, Transwell Assay

A Correlation analysis between the control group ( n = 3) and the experimental group ( n = 3). B Volcano plot of DDX41 knockdown group versus non-knockdown control group (n = 3). (C) Heatmap of significantly altered genes following DDX41 knockdown ( p < 0.05). D , E KEGG and GO analysis of the DDX41 knockdown group and control group (red arrows indicate pathways related to DDX41). F The heatmap shows changes in NF-κB-related genes detected through RNA sequencing. G Protein interaction analysis of DDX41. H WB analysis on the protein expression of the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway, using β-actin as a loading control. I WB analysis and quantitative analysis of protein expression in the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway were performed in the DDX41 overexpression rescue experiment, using β-actin as a loading control. J Representative images of IFN-γ activation in co-cultured T cells in vitro, as detected by flow cytometry. K Quantitative analysis results of the flow cytometry experiment on in vitro co-cultured cells. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Correlation analysis between the control group ( n = 3) and the experimental group ( n = 3). B Volcano plot of DDX41 knockdown group versus non-knockdown control group (n = 3). (C) Heatmap of significantly altered genes following DDX41 knockdown ( p < 0.05). D , E KEGG and GO analysis of the DDX41 knockdown group and control group (red arrows indicate pathways related to DDX41). F The heatmap shows changes in NF-κB-related genes detected through RNA sequencing. G Protein interaction analysis of DDX41. H WB analysis on the protein expression of the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway, using β-actin as a loading control. I WB analysis and quantitative analysis of protein expression in the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway were performed in the DDX41 overexpression rescue experiment, using β-actin as a loading control. J Representative images of IFN-γ activation in co-cultured T cells in vitro, as detected by flow cytometry. K Quantitative analysis results of the flow cytometry experiment on in vitro co-cultured cells. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Techniques: Control, Knockdown, RNA Sequencing, Expressing, Over Expression, Activation Assay, Cell Culture, In Vitro, Flow Cytometry

A Prediction of the IDR sequence of DDX41 protein from the PONDR website. B Prediction of the phase separation score of DDX41. C Immunofluorescence images of DDX41 in SCC15 cells with and without 5% 1,6 HEX treatment (Scale bar, 2 μm). D Live cell images of smaller DDX41 droplets fusing into larger ones. E Fluorescence images and quantitative analysis of the DDX41 protein droplets in the photobleaching experiment (Scale bar, 0.5μm). F Interaction analysis of DDX41 and STING using AlphaFold3. G Through Co-IP experiments, we validated the interaction of endogenous DDX41 with STING in SCC15 cells and found that HT-DNA enhances this protein interaction. H Representative WB images showing protein expression in whole cell lysates from the control group and HT-DNA transfection group. I – K The co-localization of DDX41 and STING in SCC15 cells treated with 5% 1,6 - HEX and control SCC15 cells (Scale bar, 2 μm).

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Prediction of the IDR sequence of DDX41 protein from the PONDR website. B Prediction of the phase separation score of DDX41. C Immunofluorescence images of DDX41 in SCC15 cells with and without 5% 1,6 HEX treatment (Scale bar, 2 μm). D Live cell images of smaller DDX41 droplets fusing into larger ones. E Fluorescence images and quantitative analysis of the DDX41 protein droplets in the photobleaching experiment (Scale bar, 0.5μm). F Interaction analysis of DDX41 and STING using AlphaFold3. G Through Co-IP experiments, we validated the interaction of endogenous DDX41 with STING in SCC15 cells and found that HT-DNA enhances this protein interaction. H Representative WB images showing protein expression in whole cell lysates from the control group and HT-DNA transfection group. I – K The co-localization of DDX41 and STING in SCC15 cells treated with 5% 1,6 - HEX and control SCC15 cells (Scale bar, 2 μm).

Techniques: Sequencing, Immunofluorescence, Fluorescence, Co-Immunoprecipitation Assay, Expressing, Control, Transfection

A Establish a stable DDX41 knockdown cell line and conduct animal experiments according to the predetermined protocol. B Representative photos of tumors in vitro from mice 15 days after implantation, comparing DDX41 knockdown and non-knockdown groups ( n = 5). C The tumor weight in vitro on the 15th day after transplantation ( n = 5). D The tumor growth curve comparing the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group ( n = 5). E The body weight curve of mice comparing the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group ( n = 5). F The toxicity of the stable lentivirus targeting DDX41 was evaluated by monitoring the body weight gain of two groups of C57BL/6 mice from day 1 to day 15 ( n = 5). G , H Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway in tumor tissues from the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group. Images of representative experiments are depicted (Scale bar, 100 μm). The average optical density after protein immunostaining was quantified H . I , J WB analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway in tumor tissues of the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group, with β-actin as the internal reference. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Establish a stable DDX41 knockdown cell line and conduct animal experiments according to the predetermined protocol. B Representative photos of tumors in vitro from mice 15 days after implantation, comparing DDX41 knockdown and non-knockdown groups ( n = 5). C The tumor weight in vitro on the 15th day after transplantation ( n = 5). D The tumor growth curve comparing the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group ( n = 5). E The body weight curve of mice comparing the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group ( n = 5). F The toxicity of the stable lentivirus targeting DDX41 was evaluated by monitoring the body weight gain of two groups of C57BL/6 mice from day 1 to day 15 ( n = 5). G , H Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway in tumor tissues from the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group. Images of representative experiments are depicted (Scale bar, 100 μm). The average optical density after protein immunostaining was quantified H . I , J WB analysis was used to detect the protein expression levels of the DDX41-STING-NF-κB-PD-L1 pathway in tumor tissues of the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group, with β-actin as the internal reference. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, *** p < 0.001.

Techniques: Knockdown, In Vitro, Transplantation Assay, Control, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Immunostaining

A Schematic gating strategy for sorting MDSCs and T cells in the OSCC mouse model. B, C Representative images of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and MDSC cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes of mice in flow cytometry. D Comparison of CD4 positivity in CD45-positive cells between the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group in mice. E Comparison of CD8 positivity in CD45-positive cells between the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group in mice. F Comparison of MDSC positivity in CD45-positive cells between the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group in mice. G Representative images of CD4 immunofluorescence staining in tumors (Scale bar, 100 μm). H Representative images of CD8 immunofluorescence staining in tumors (Scale bar, 100 μm). I Conduct animal experiments according to the predetermined protocol. (Figure was created with BioRender.com). J Representative photos of tumors in vitro from mice 15 days after implantation, comparing the DDX41 knockdown group, non-knockdown group, and CD8 T cell depletion group ( n = 5). K The tumor growth curve comparing the DDX41 knockdown group, control group, and CD8 T cell depletion group ( n = 5). L The tumor volume in vitro on the 15th day after transplantation ( n = 5). M The tumor weight in vitro on the 15th day after transplantation ( n = 5). N Representative images and quantitative results of CD8 T cells in mouse tumors from flow cytometry. O Representative images and quantitative results of CD8 T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes of mice from flow cytometry. P Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of CD8 in tumor tissues from the DDX41 knockdown group, control group, and CD8 depletion group. Representative images of the experiments are shown (Scale bar, 100 μm), along with the quantitative analysis results. Q , R Representative images and quantitative results of IFNγ in the tumor of mice from flow cytometry. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Schematic gating strategy for sorting MDSCs and T cells in the OSCC mouse model. B, C Representative images of CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, and MDSC cells in the spleen and tumor-draining lymph nodes of mice in flow cytometry. D Comparison of CD4 positivity in CD45-positive cells between the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group in mice. E Comparison of CD8 positivity in CD45-positive cells between the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group in mice. F Comparison of MDSC positivity in CD45-positive cells between the DDX41 knockdown group and the control group in mice. G Representative images of CD4 immunofluorescence staining in tumors (Scale bar, 100 μm). H Representative images of CD8 immunofluorescence staining in tumors (Scale bar, 100 μm). I Conduct animal experiments according to the predetermined protocol. (Figure was created with BioRender.com). J Representative photos of tumors in vitro from mice 15 days after implantation, comparing the DDX41 knockdown group, non-knockdown group, and CD8 T cell depletion group ( n = 5). K The tumor growth curve comparing the DDX41 knockdown group, control group, and CD8 T cell depletion group ( n = 5). L The tumor volume in vitro on the 15th day after transplantation ( n = 5). M The tumor weight in vitro on the 15th day after transplantation ( n = 5). N Representative images and quantitative results of CD8 T cells in mouse tumors from flow cytometry. O Representative images and quantitative results of CD8 T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes of mice from flow cytometry. P Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the protein expression levels of CD8 in tumor tissues from the DDX41 knockdown group, control group, and CD8 depletion group. Representative images of the experiments are shown (Scale bar, 100 μm), along with the quantitative analysis results. Q , R Representative images and quantitative results of IFNγ in the tumor of mice from flow cytometry. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Techniques: Flow Cytometry, Comparison, Knockdown, Control, Immunofluorescence, Staining, In Vitro, Transplantation Assay, Immunohistochemical staining, Expressing

A Representative immunohistochemical staining of DDX41 in OSCC compared to adjacent normal tissues (Scale bar, 50 μm). B Quantitative tissue scoring of DDX41 protein expression in control tissues ( n = 10) and OSCC tissues ( n = 54). C Kaplan–Meier analysis shows that DDX41 expression is significantly associated with overall survival in OSCC patients (DDX41 low, n = 34; DDX41 high, n = 20; p = 0.0347) . D – G Representative immunohistochemical staining of DDX41 and p-p65/PD-L1/CD33/CD8 in OSCC (Scale bar, 50 μm). H , I Correlation of DDX41 and p-p65/PD-L1 in OSCC tissue microarrays (p-p65 p < 0.0001, r = 0.5969)/ (PD-L1 p < 0.001, r = 0.4577). J , K , N , O Quantitative tissue scoring of p-p65/PD-L1/CD33/CD8 protein expression in control tissues ( n = 10) and OSCC tissues ( n = 54). L, M Correlation of DDX41 and CD33/CD8 in OSCC tissue microarrays (CD33 p < 0.0001, r = 0.6567) / (CD8 p < 0.0001, r = 0.6099). P Heat map of the correlation of protein expression among DDX41, p-p65, CD33, PD-L1 and CD8. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative immunohistochemical staining of DDX41 in OSCC compared to adjacent normal tissues (Scale bar, 50 μm). B Quantitative tissue scoring of DDX41 protein expression in control tissues ( n = 10) and OSCC tissues ( n = 54). C Kaplan–Meier analysis shows that DDX41 expression is significantly associated with overall survival in OSCC patients (DDX41 low, n = 34; DDX41 high, n = 20; p = 0.0347) . D – G Representative immunohistochemical staining of DDX41 and p-p65/PD-L1/CD33/CD8 in OSCC (Scale bar, 50 μm). H , I Correlation of DDX41 and p-p65/PD-L1 in OSCC tissue microarrays (p-p65 p < 0.0001, r = 0.5969)/ (PD-L1 p < 0.001, r = 0.4577). J , K , N , O Quantitative tissue scoring of p-p65/PD-L1/CD33/CD8 protein expression in control tissues ( n = 10) and OSCC tissues ( n = 54). L, M Correlation of DDX41 and CD33/CD8 in OSCC tissue microarrays (CD33 p < 0.0001, r = 0.6567) / (CD8 p < 0.0001, r = 0.6099). P Heat map of the correlation of protein expression among DDX41, p-p65, CD33, PD-L1 and CD8. The quantitative data above are presented as mean ± SEM; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Techniques: Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Expressing, Control

A schematic diagram depicts the mechanism by which DDX41 promotes immunosuppression in OSCC. DDX41 is activated by sensing aberrant intracellular DNA and subsequently activates the STING signaling pathway through phase separation, thereby regulating PD-L1 expression and promoting tumor immune exhaustion(Figure was created with BioRender.com).

Journal: NPJ Precision Oncology

Article Title: DDX41 facilitates PD-L1-mediated immune escape in OSCC via the phase separation and activation STING pathway

doi: 10.1038/s41698-026-01308-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: A schematic diagram depicts the mechanism by which DDX41 promotes immunosuppression in OSCC. DDX41 is activated by sensing aberrant intracellular DNA and subsequently activates the STING signaling pathway through phase separation, thereby regulating PD-L1 expression and promoting tumor immune exhaustion(Figure was created with BioRender.com).

Techniques: Expressing

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ddx41 (Cell Signaling Technology Inc)

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